114 ] Copyright 2018, John Wiley and Sons. b) Miniaturized microfluidics and colorimetric analysis for detection of nutrients in sweat and supplying vitamins, Reproduced with permission. [
85 ] Copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH, c) The Gx sweat patch for personalized sweat rate determination and sweat chloride analysis for athletic use, Reproduced with permission. [
115 ] Copyright 2023, Springer Nature Limited. d) A sweat patch embedded with electrochemical sensors for C‐reactive protein (CRP) monitoring in sweat, Reproduced with permission. [
103 ] Copyright 2023, Springer Nature Limited, e) MicroSweat: A capillary microfluidic sweat collection patch for stress monitoring via determination of sweat cortisol levels, Reproduced with permissions. [
86 ] Copyright 2022, Wiley‐VCH. f) Electrochemical urine analysis via a wearable diaper sensor for urinary incontinence complications, Reproduced with permission. [
94 ] Copyright 2022, Elsevier. g) Wearable Electroencephalogram (EEG) device with a Brain–AI Closed‐Loop System (BACLoS) for predicting human cognitive consequences, Reproduced with permission. [
116 ] Copyright 2022, Springer Nature Limited. h) Microfluidics skin interface sweat analysis with a 3D complex structure enabling integration of colorimetric assays evaluating sweat chloride, Reproduced with permission. [
105 ] Copyright 2016, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. i) Respiration sensor in wearable format inside a mask for chronic kidney disease monitoring through ammonia (NH 3 ) content measurement, Reproduced with permission. [
95 ] Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. j) Soft wearable microfluidics for sweat capture, storage, and analysis using the smartphone‐assisted colorimetric technique, Reproduced with permission. [
106 ] Copyright 2016, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. B) The procedure of data analysis using AI algorithms from data collection, preprocessing, and dataset split to test and train, training the Machine Learning (ML) or Deep Learning (DL) model, validating the model, and final testing for predictions. C) The output of the wearable systems integrated with AI algorithms can be represented as clustering the data, determining the true or false negative/positive rates, and the accuracy of the model and analysis. " width="100%" height="100%">
Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Revolutionary Point‐of‐Care Wearable Diagnostics for Early Disease Detection and Biomarker Discovery through Intelligent Technologies
doi: 10.1002/advs.202400595
Figure Lengend Snippet: Wearable systems for biomarker detection and on‐site health monitoring. A, a) Colorimetric sweat chloride analysis enabled through skin mount microfluidic system featuring superabsorbent polymer valves, Reproduced with permission. [ 114 ] Copyright 2018, John Wiley and Sons. b) Miniaturized microfluidics and colorimetric analysis for detection of nutrients in sweat and supplying vitamins, Reproduced with permission. [ 85 ] Copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH, c) The Gx sweat patch for personalized sweat rate determination and sweat chloride analysis for athletic use, Reproduced with permission. [ 115 ] Copyright 2023, Springer Nature Limited. d) A sweat patch embedded with electrochemical sensors for C‐reactive protein (CRP) monitoring in sweat, Reproduced with permission. [ 103 ] Copyright 2023, Springer Nature Limited, e) MicroSweat: A capillary microfluidic sweat collection patch for stress monitoring via determination of sweat cortisol levels, Reproduced with permissions. [ 86 ] Copyright 2022, Wiley‐VCH. f) Electrochemical urine analysis via a wearable diaper sensor for urinary incontinence complications, Reproduced with permission. [ 94 ] Copyright 2022, Elsevier. g) Wearable Electroencephalogram (EEG) device with a Brain–AI Closed‐Loop System (BACLoS) for predicting human cognitive consequences, Reproduced with permission. [ 116 ] Copyright 2022, Springer Nature Limited. h) Microfluidics skin interface sweat analysis with a 3D complex structure enabling integration of colorimetric assays evaluating sweat chloride, Reproduced with permission. [ 105 ] Copyright 2016, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. i) Respiration sensor in wearable format inside a mask for chronic kidney disease monitoring through ammonia (NH 3 ) content measurement, Reproduced with permission. [ 95 ] Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. j) Soft wearable microfluidics for sweat capture, storage, and analysis using the smartphone‐assisted colorimetric technique, Reproduced with permission. [ 106 ] Copyright 2016, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. B) The procedure of data analysis using AI algorithms from data collection, preprocessing, and dataset split to test and train, training the Machine Learning (ML) or Deep Learning (DL) model, validating the model, and final testing for predictions. C) The output of the wearable systems integrated with AI algorithms can be represented as clustering the data, determining the true or false negative/positive rates, and the accuracy of the model and analysis.
Article Snippet: Skin‐Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Spatially Engineered 3D fluidics , Colorimetric , Sweat , – , Health Status , Chloride , Forearm , 8 Healthy Subjects , [ ] .
Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Polymer
Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Revolutionary Point‐of‐Care Wearable Diagnostics for Early Disease Detection and Biomarker Discovery through Intelligent Technologies
doi: 10.1002/advs.202400595
Figure Lengend Snippet: State‐of‐the‐art AI‐enhanced bioassays for disease detection.
Article Snippet: Skin‐Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Spatially Engineered 3D fluidics , Colorimetric , Sweat , – , Health Status , Chloride , Forearm , 8 Healthy Subjects , [ ] .
Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Avidin-Biotin Assay, Imaging, Marker, Fluorescence, Methylation, Membrane, Sequencing
229 ] Copyright 2023, Frontiers, image processing for paper‐based microfluidics, Reproduced with permission. [
232 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society, and protein classification/generation. " width="100%" height="100%">
Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Revolutionary Point‐of‐Care Wearable Diagnostics for Early Disease Detection and Biomarker Discovery through Intelligent Technologies
doi: 10.1002/advs.202400595
Figure Lengend Snippet: Bioassays and AI. Biological assays including microfluidic assays, in vitro toxicity assays, or immunoassays, as well as protein quantification such as western blotting can be integrated with statistical/ML methods for data analysis, including regression approaches such as Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR), k‐means clustering, and k‐nearest neighbours, ensemble forest methods, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with applications in enhanced cell tracking, Reproduced with permission. [ 229 ] Copyright 2023, Frontiers, image processing for paper‐based microfluidics, Reproduced with permission. [ 232 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society, and protein classification/generation.
Article Snippet: Skin‐Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Spatially Engineered 3D fluidics , Colorimetric , Sweat , – , Health Status , Chloride , Forearm , 8 Healthy Subjects , [ ] .
Techniques: In Vitro, Western Blot, Activity Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Cell Tracking Assay
244 ] (Image reproduced with permission from Genalyte Inc.), or the Minuteful smartphone‐powered kidney test (Image reproduced with permission from Healthy.io Ltd). [
245 ] The role of AI systems in biological assays and clinical decision‐making is also becoming more established with marketed technologies such as EasyScan One (the newer version of EasyScan Go), a microscopy system for Malaria detection based on machine learning [
246 ] (Image reproduced with permission from Motic Instruments Inc), and the Tempus one system, one of the latest innovations of the Tempus labs incorporating generative AI solutions in precision medicine (Image reproduced with permission from Tempus). [
243 ] Recent research works explore novel applications of the integration of AI systems into the biological assays and biomarker detection systems, including a) AI‐assisted urinary multimarker sensor for prostate cancer screening, Reproduced with permission. [
203 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. b) Electrochemiluminescence biosensor with smart‐phone integrated and machine‐learning assisted algorithm for detection of various metabolites, Reproduced with permission. [
208 ] Copyright 2023, Elsevier. c) A microfluidic digital immunoassay for inflammatory markers and antibiotics detection empowered by a computer vision‐based AI‐mediated encoding‐decoding system, Reproduced with permission. [
209 ] Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. d) Utility of the artificial neural network in processing the light parameters of the fluorescence for optical POC solutions, Reproduced with permission. [
216 ] Copyright 2023, Elsevier. e) High‐throughput SERS‐based classification of the cell secretomes assisted by the machine learning algorithms, Reproduced with permission. [
217 ] Copyright 2023, Wiley VCH. " width="100%" height="100%">
Journal: Advanced Science
Article Title: Revolutionary Point‐of‐Care Wearable Diagnostics for Early Disease Detection and Biomarker Discovery through Intelligent Technologies
doi: 10.1002/advs.202400595
Figure Lengend Snippet: Integration of microfluidics in the POC systems and platforms for conducting biological assay with AI technologies. A) Various microfluidics elements such as microchannels, valves, and droplet microfluidic systems that can be used for developing platforms to conduct biological assays. Such techniques coupled with sensing modalities enable on‐site biosample analysis with marketed and FDA‐authorized examples including the Maverick™ SARS‐CoV‐2 Multi‐Antigen Serology Panel [ 244 ] (Image reproduced with permission from Genalyte Inc.), or the Minuteful smartphone‐powered kidney test (Image reproduced with permission from Healthy.io Ltd). [ 245 ] The role of AI systems in biological assays and clinical decision‐making is also becoming more established with marketed technologies such as EasyScan One (the newer version of EasyScan Go), a microscopy system for Malaria detection based on machine learning [ 246 ] (Image reproduced with permission from Motic Instruments Inc), and the Tempus one system, one of the latest innovations of the Tempus labs incorporating generative AI solutions in precision medicine (Image reproduced with permission from Tempus). [ 243 ] Recent research works explore novel applications of the integration of AI systems into the biological assays and biomarker detection systems, including a) AI‐assisted urinary multimarker sensor for prostate cancer screening, Reproduced with permission. [ 203 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. b) Electrochemiluminescence biosensor with smart‐phone integrated and machine‐learning assisted algorithm for detection of various metabolites, Reproduced with permission. [ 208 ] Copyright 2023, Elsevier. c) A microfluidic digital immunoassay for inflammatory markers and antibiotics detection empowered by a computer vision‐based AI‐mediated encoding‐decoding system, Reproduced with permission. [ 209 ] Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. d) Utility of the artificial neural network in processing the light parameters of the fluorescence for optical POC solutions, Reproduced with permission. [ 216 ] Copyright 2023, Elsevier. e) High‐throughput SERS‐based classification of the cell secretomes assisted by the machine learning algorithms, Reproduced with permission. [ 217 ] Copyright 2023, Wiley VCH.
Article Snippet: Skin‐Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Spatially Engineered 3D fluidics , Colorimetric , Sweat , – , Health Status , Chloride , Forearm , 8 Healthy Subjects , [ ] .
Techniques: Microscopy, Clinical Proteomics, Biomarker Discovery, Electrochemiluminescence, Fluorescence, High Throughput Screening Assay
40 ] Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. b) Microfluidic system with integrated tapes for multiplexed detection of inflammatory markers of C‐reactive protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) for early clinical diagnosis of sepsis, Reproduced with permission. [ 
63 ] Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry. b) Multiplexed DNA detection for Malaria diagnosis using an origami‐based paper microfluidic system and lateral flow detection, Reproduced with permission. [ 